Server+ Certification Exam
Notes
11. Given below are important bus types and their
characteristics:
Bus Type
Data bus width
Speed
Bandwidth
Comments
ISA
16-bit
8.3MHz
15.9MBPS
Use jumpers to configure
EISA
32-bit
8.3MHz
31.8MBPS
Backward compatible with ISA, uses software/ jumpers for
configuration
VESA or
VL bus
32-bit
33MHz
127.2MBPS
Backward compatible with ISA cards
PCI
32-bit
33MHz
127.2MBPS
Supports Plug and Play
64-bit PCI
64-bit
66MHz
508.6MBPS
Supports Plug and Play
12. Disk swapping:
1. Cold Swap: It means that you have to power down a server
before the part is replaced.
2. Warm Swap: It means that you may have to stop I/O functions
corresponding to the part that need to be replaced by using
appropriate commands. The server need not be powered off.
3. Hot Swap: Hot Swap allows the faulty part to be replaced
without interrupting the Server or introducing any interruption
in the I/O procedures.
Obviously, hot-swap allows for easy replacement of faulty part.
13. EEPROM is used to program dynamically, whereas, EPROM can be
erased with ultra violet light and reprogrammed.
14. Usually, a sector contains 512 bytes. To find out the size
of a hard disk, use the formula:
(# of cylinders X # of sectors X # of heads) X 0.5 KB
15. MCA architecture is a proprietary architecture.
16. Cable Select, if enabled, determines which drive is the
master and which drive is the slave when there are two IDE hard
disks.
17. IDE/ATA/ATAPI:
- In the ATA/ATAPI-4 standard / Ultra DMA transfer, a
80-conductor (wires) IDE/ATA cable is used. However, it does not
have 80 pins on each connector, just 40. This means that the new
cable is pin-compatible with the old drive. The additional
conductors(40) are introduced to reduce the cross talk /
interference between the conductors and are grounded.
The old IDE/ATA cable has only 40 conductors.
- The first implementation of Ultra DMA as specified in the
ATA/ATAPI-4 standard, included three Ultra DMA modes, providing
up to 33 MB/s of throughput. Ultra ATA/66 refers to an interface
speed of 66MB/Sec. Similarly, Ultra ATA/100 refers to an
interface speed of 100MB/Sec.
- A maximum of two IDE disk drives can be connected to each
IDE/ATA controller. Since most computers come with two IDE
controllers, we can connect a maximum of 4 IDE hard drives.
- IDE/ATA hard disk interface does not require any external
cable termination. Whereas, SCSI requires cable termination on
both ends.
- IDE hard drives come with a 40 pin connector. SCSI hard drives
come with different types of connectors, but not 40 pin
connector.
Some of widely used SCSI connectors are:
1. Centronics type 50-pin connector (old type)
2. 50 pin high density connector
3. 68 pin high density connector
However, all ATA/IDE connectors are 40 pin.
- The disk drive designations in an ID/ATA chain is Master and
Slave. These are selectable by changing the jumpers on the disk
drives or can be made cable select. If both the hard disks are
jumpered for Master or if both hard disks are jumpered for Slave
configuration, your computer may fail to boot!
18. There can be a maximum of only two devices that can be
connected on a single channel of an ATA/IDE system. In a SCSI
bus system, you can connect 7 or 15 or more devices to a SCSI
channel (excluding SCSI controller itself). The number of disks
(or devices) that can be connected to an IDE channel is a major
factor to be considered when planning the disk drive. SCSI
allows you to attach a large collection of add-on peripherals
like CD recorders, tape drives both inside and outside the case.
EIDE/ATA is strictly for devices inside the PC / SERVER case.
19. Clustering:
- To configure a clustered server environment, at least 2
servers are required.
- All the following are true about clustering:
o Clustering improves the availability of the network.
o Processing load is distributed among the clustered servers.
o Clustering allows for better scalability.
o If one of the servers in a cluster fails, other server(s) in
the cluster take over the entire load of the failed server
without interruption to the services.
20. Intel Xeon processor can access physical memory upto 64 GB
(Gig). |
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